{"id":1067,"date":"2025-01-26T15:13:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-26T15:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/?p=1067"},"modified":"2025-01-26T15:13:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T15:13:10","slug":"a-yahgan-indianok-kulonleges-eletet-eltek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/index.php\/2025\/01\/26\/a-yahgan-indianok-kulonleges-eletet-eltek\/","title":{"rendered":"A m\u00e1ra kihalt yahgan indi\u00e1nok meztelen\u00fcl is b\u00edrt\u00e1k a hideget"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Most febru\u00e1rban lesz a harmadik \u00e9vfordul\u00f3ja annak, hogy elhunyt Cristina Calder\u00f3n Harban chilei n\u00e9prajzkutat\u00f3, k\u00e9zm\u0171ves, \u00edr\u00f3 \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis aktivista. \u0150 volt az, aki 84 \u00e9ves n\u0151v\u00e9re, \u00darsula 2005-ben bek\u00f6vetkezett hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n az utols\u00f3 \u00e9l\u0151, teljes eg\u00e9sz\u00e9ben yahgan sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s\u00fa \u0151slakos volt.<\/strong> A 2000-es \u00e9vekre m\u00e1r csak Cristina, \u00e9s egyik s\u00f3gorn\u0151je voltak az egyetlenek, akik besz\u00e9lt\u00e9k a yahgan nyelvet, ami egy T\u0171zf\u00f6ld\u00f6n \u0151shonos nyelv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A helyiek gyakran Abuela Cristina, “Cristina nagyi” vagy egyszer\u0171en Abuela n\u00e9ven emlegett\u00e9k. Unok\u00e1j\u00e1val, Cristina Z\u00e1rrag\u00e1val \u00e9s n\u0151v\u00e9r\u00e9vel, \u00darsula Calder\u00f3nnal 2005-ben kiadott egy k\u00f6nyvet a yahgan legend\u00e1kr\u00f3l \u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9netekr\u0151l Hai Kur Mamashu Shis (Mes\u00e9lni akarok) c\u00edmmel. Unok\u00e1ja egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt a f\u00e9rj\u00e9vel, Oliver Vogellel egy\u00fctt 2010-ben kiadta a yahgan nyelv Yagankuta c\u00edm\u0171 sz\u00f3t\u00e1r\u00e1t \u00e9s mesek\u00f6nyv\u00e9t, amely a Calder\u00f3nnal k\u00e9sz\u00edtett interj\u00fak alapj\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2019 m\u00e1jus\u00e1t\u00f3l a sz\u00fcl\u0151v\u00e1ros\u00e1hoz, Puerto Williamshez k\u00f6zeli Villa Ukik\u00e1ban lakott. 2017-t\u0151l Calderon hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00e9zm\u0171ves term\u00e9kek k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte idej\u00e9t, valamint azzal, hogy csal\u00e1dj\u00e1val megossza a yahgan indi\u00e1nok kult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00e9s nyelv\u00e9t. 2021-ben l\u00e1ny\u00e1t, Lidia Gonz\u00e1lezt v\u00e1lasztott\u00e1k meg a yahgan n\u00e9p k\u00e9pviselet\u00e9re a chilei alkotm\u00e1nyoz\u00f3 gy\u0171l\u00e9sben. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A yahgan indi\u00e1nok t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A yahgan n\u00e9p egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt sosem volt egy nagy l\u00e9leksz\u00e1m\u00fa k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g, de az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vekre jelent\u0151sen lecs\u00f6kkent a lesz\u00e1rmazottak sz\u00e1ma<\/a>. Ma m\u00e1r nincs yaghan, aki t\u00e9nylegesen besz\u00e9li az \u0151si nyelvet, \u00e9s am\u00edg 2002-es a chilei n\u00e9psz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00e1s szerint 1685 Yahgan \u00e9lt Chil\u00e9ben, addig a 2020-as \u00e9vekre m\u00e1r 1500 k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9re cs\u00f6kkent a sz\u00e1muk. Viszont kult\u00far\u00e1juk \u00e9s \u00e9let\u00fck kifejezetten \u00e9rdekes a mai ember sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e9ld\u00e1nak ok\u00e1\u00e9rt a kifejezetten bar\u00e1ts\u00e1gtalan kl\u00edma ellen\u00e9re szinte teljesen meztelen\u00fcl \u00e9ltek az \u00e9v minden id\u0151szak\u00e1ban. T\u00f6bbf\u00e9le technik\u00e1juk volt a zord \u00e9ghajlat elleni k\u00fczdelemre. <\/strong>Melegen tartott\u00e1k magukat azzal, hogy kis t\u00fczek k\u00f6r\u00e9 h\u00faz\u00f3dtak, bele\u00e9rtve a cs\u00f3nakokban rakott t\u00fczeket is. A “Tierra del Fuego” (T\u0171zf\u00f6ld) nevet ez a vid\u00e9k pont az \u00e1tutaz\u00f3 eur\u00f3pai felfedez\u0151k \u00e1ltal l\u00e1tott sok t\u0171z alapj\u00e1n kapta. A f\u00f6ldj\u00fck\u00f6n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 barlangokba h\u00faz\u00f3dtak vissza, amikor csak lehetett, plusz \u00e1llati zs\u00edrral bor\u00edtott\u00e1k be magukat, hogy meg\u0151rizz\u00e9k a h\u0151t \u00e9s egy plusz zs\u00edrr\u00e9teget biztos\u00edtsanak maguknak. Anyagcser\u00e9j\u00fck el\u00e9gg\u00e9 \u00e1talakult, \u00edgy k\u00e9pesek voltak m\u00e9g t\u00f6bb bels\u0151 testh\u0151t termelni. Szok\u00e1sos pihen\u0151helyzet\u00fck a m\u00e9lyen guggol\u00f3 poz\u00edci\u00f3 volt, ami cs\u00f6kkentette a hidegnek kitett testfel\u00fclet\u00fcket \u00e9s seg\u00edtett a h\u0151 meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9ben. A legt\u00f6bb yahgan egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt a chilei Navarino-szigeten \u00e9lt, t\u00f6bb\u00e9-kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 nom\u00e1d \u00e9letm\u00f3don. A vid\u00e9k a yahgan r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti lel\u0151helyek s\u0171r\u0171 koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t adja a r\u00e9g\u00e9szek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/strong> A Wulaia-\u00f6b\u00f6l k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 egy megalitikus yaghan r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti lel\u0151hely, amely k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 10000 \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151ttre dat\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Enn\u00e9l vannak m\u00e9g r\u00e9gebbre dat\u00e1lhat\u00f3 eml\u00e9kek<\/a> is m\u00e1s t\u00f6rzsekr\u0151l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Most febru\u00e1rban lesz a harmadik \u00e9vfordul\u00f3ja annak, hogy elhunyt Cristina Calder\u00f3n Harban chilei n\u00e9prajzkutat\u00f3, k\u00e9zm\u0171ves, \u00edr\u00f3 \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis aktivista. \u0150 volt az, aki 84 \u00e9ves […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[91],"yoast_head":"\nA m\u00e1ra kihalt yahgan indi\u00e1nok meztelen\u00fcl is b\u00edrt\u00e1k a hideget - Latin Z\u00f3na<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A m\u00e1ra m\u00e1r kihalt yahgan indi\u00e1nok meztelen\u00fcl is k\u00e9pesek voltak t\u00fal\u00e9lni a hidegben, technik\u00e1ikb\u00f3l lehet tanulni.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/index.php\/2025\/01\/26\/a-yahgan-indianok-kulonleges-eletet-eltek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A m\u00e1ra kihalt yahgan indi\u00e1nok meztelen\u00fcl is b\u00edrt\u00e1k a hideget - 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