{"id":930,"date":"2024-12-21T14:40:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T14:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/?p=930"},"modified":"2024-12-21T14:40:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T14:40:07","slug":"az-iquique-i-meszarlas-emlekezete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/index.php\/2024\/12\/21\/az-iquique-i-meszarlas-emlekezete\/","title":{"rendered":"Az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s eml\u00e9kezete"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Az 1907. december 21-\u00e9n az iquique-i Santa Mar\u00eda iskol\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt tragikus m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1sba torkoll\u00f3 esem\u00e9nyek a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.memoriachilena.gob.cl\/602\/w3-article-3392.html\">chilei munk\u00e1smozgalom<\/a> legemblematikusabb m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldk\u00f6vei voltak. <strong>A korm\u00e1ny hozz\u00e1\u00e1ll\u00e1sa a sztr\u00e1jk sor\u00e1n, a sztr\u00e1jk nagys\u00e1ga \u00e9s v\u00e9gzetes kimenetele, az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges jelent\u00e9startalmat adott a konfliktusnak.<\/strong> Komolyan befoly\u00e1solta a sal\u00e9tromb\u00e1ny\u00e1szati tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get (n\u00e1trium-nitr\u00e1t), \u00e9s er\u0151s hat\u00e1st v\u00e1ltott ki a korban, amit az esem\u00e9nyek rendk\u00edv\u00fcli sajt\u00f3visszhangja is t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u00f6tt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e1r a munk\u00e1smozgalmat m\u00e1r kor\u00e1bban is \u00e9rintett\u00e9k m\u00e1s, v\u00e9res incidensekben tet\u0151z\u0151 konfliktusok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az 1903-as valpara\u00eds\u00f3i kik\u00f6t\u0151i sztr\u00e1jk \u00e9s az 1905-\u00f6s h\u00fassztr\u00e1jk, az 1907-es esem\u00e9nyek egyedis\u00e9ge p\u00e1ratlan jelent\u0151s\u00e9get k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nz\u00f6tt nekik. <strong>Ez az esem\u00e9ny a 20. sz\u00e1zad n\u00e9pi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9t jellemz\u0151 t\u00e1rsadalmi harc \u00e9s \u201em\u00e1rt\u00edroms\u00e1g\u201d szimb\u00f3lum\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. <\/strong>Valamint hivatkoz\u00e1si pontk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lt sz\u00e1mos \u00e9rtelmis\u00e9gi \u00e9s m\u0171v\u00e9sz sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"724\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0007287.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"931\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0007287.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/?attachment_id=931\" class=\"wp-image-931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0007287.jpg 724w, https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0007287-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0007287-80x60.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s el\u0151zm\u00e9nyei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e1r 1907 elej\u00e9t\u0151l kezdve a chilei Iquique-t (a <a href=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/a-nap-tortenete-amikor-bolivia-elarulta-perut\/\">kor\u00e1bbi h\u00e1bor\u00fa<\/a> ut\u00e1n) a peso er\u0151s le\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u0151d\u00e9se \u00e9s az ebb\u0151l k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e1remelked\u00e9s miatt konfliktusok sorozata r\u00e1zta meg, a t\u00e9nyleges sal\u00e9tromsztr\u00e1jk december 10-\u00e9n t\u00f6rt ki a San Lorenzoban. Azt\u00e1n gyorsan \u00e1tterjedt San Antonio eg\u00e9sz megy\u00e9j\u00e9re. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"550\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0001908.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-932\" srcset=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0001908.jpg 550w, https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0001908-300x284.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6t nappal k\u00e9s\u0151bb egy t\u00f6bb mint k\u00e9tezer munk\u00e1sb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 oszlop Iquique-be vonult, hogy jobb b\u00e9reket \u00e9s munka\u00fcgyi fejleszt\u00e9seket k\u00f6veteljen. Azzal a szil\u00e1rd elhat\u00e1roz\u00e1ssal, hogy addig maradnak ott, am\u00edg a sal\u00e9troms\u00f3t gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 v\u00e1llalatok nem v\u00e1laszolnak k\u00f6vetel\u00e9seikre. Ahogy teltek a napok, a helyzet egyre romlott. Mik\u00f6zben Iquique sz\u00e1mos szakszervezete csatlakozott a sztr\u00e1jkmozgalomhoz, id\u0151nk\u00e9nt \u00fajabb b\u00e1ny\u00e1szkontingensek \u00e9rkeztek a v\u00e1rosba. <strong>Az akkori becsl\u00e9sek szerint a sztr\u00e1jkol\u00f3k sz\u00e1ma 15000 \u00e9s 23000 f\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozgott, ami azt jelentette, hogy mind a kik\u00f6t\u0151 tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9ge, mind a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szati termel\u00e9s az eg\u00e9sz r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban teljesen megb\u00e9nult. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az \u00e1llami beavatkoz\u00e1st konfrontat\u00edvv\u00e1 tette, hogy a v\u00e1llalatok nem voltak hajland\u00f3k t\u00e1rgyalni a munka folytat\u00e1s\u00e1ig. Rafael Sotomayor bel\u00fcgyminiszter elrendelte a gy\u00fclekez\u00e9si szabads\u00e1g korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1t. \u00c9s minden eszk\u00f6zzel megakad\u00e1lyozta, hogy \u00fajabb sztr\u00e1jkol\u00f3k \u00e9rkezzenek Iquique-be. Carlos Eastman intend\u00e1ns pedig december 21-\u00e9n elrendelte az utaz\u00e1s szabads\u00e1g\u00e1nak korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1t. Felsz\u00f3l\u00edtotta a sztr\u00e1jkol\u00f3kat, hogy hagyj\u00e1k el a v\u00e1rost, sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n er\u0151szakkal fenyeget\u0151zve. A kik\u00f6t\u0151t ekkor m\u00e1r nagy l\u00e9tsz\u00e1m\u00fa hadoszt\u00e1ly \u00e9s h\u00e1rom hadihaj\u00f3 \u0151rizte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mivel a sztr\u00e1jkol\u00f3k <strong>nem voltak hajland\u00f3ak elhagyni a Santa Mar\u00eda iskol\u00e1t, ahol egy hete tart\u00f3zkodtak, Roberto Silva Renard t\u00e1bornok december 21-\u00e9n elrendelte, hogy csapatai t\u00fczeljenek a t\u00f6megbe.<\/strong> Szemtan\u00fak szerint t\u00f6bb mint 200 holttest maradt a Plaza Montton. 200-400 sebes\u00fcltet sz\u00e1ll\u00edtottak k\u00f3rh\u00e1zakba, akik k\u00f6z\u00fcl t\u00f6bb mint kilencvenen m\u00e9g aznap este meghaltak. A t\u00fal\u00e9l\u0151ket visszak\u00fcldt\u00e9k a a munkahelyeikre vagy Valpara\u00eds\u00f3ba sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"550\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0003142.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"933\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0003142.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/?attachment_id=933\" class=\"wp-image-933\" srcset=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0003142.jpg 550w, https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MC0003142-300x205.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei nem sok\u00e1ig v\u00e1rattak magukra. Az esem\u00e9nyek sz\u00e1mos \u00e9rtelmis\u00e9git \u00e9s politikust megmozgattak, meggy\u0151zve \u0151ket a szoci\u00e1lis k\u00e9rd\u00e9sr\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 vita megnyit\u00e1s\u00e1nak sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l. M\u00edg a szervezett n\u00e9pi r\u00e9tegek a trag\u00e9dia tanuls\u00e1gainak f\u00e9ny\u00e9ben fogalmazt\u00e1k \u00fajra saj\u00e1t strat\u00e9gi\u00e1jukat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/chilenos-vinimos.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/chilenos-vinimos.jpg 480w, https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/chilenos-vinimos-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/chilenos-vinimos-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Az 1907. december 21-\u00e9n az iquique-i Santa Mar\u00eda iskol\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt tragikus m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1sba torkoll\u00f3 esem\u00e9nyek a chilei munk\u00e1smozgalom legemblematikusabb m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldk\u00f6vei voltak. A korm\u00e1ny hozz\u00e1\u00e1ll\u00e1sa a sztr\u00e1jk <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/index.php\/2024\/12\/21\/az-iquique-i-meszarlas-emlekezete\/\" title=\"Az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s eml\u00e9kezete\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[28],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s eml\u00e9kezete - Latin Z\u00f3na<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A chilei munk\u00e1smozgalom t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek s\u00falyos esem\u00e9nye volt az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s, ami jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat ind\u00edtott el.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/latinzona.hu\/index.php\/2024\/12\/21\/az-iquique-i-meszarlas-emlekezete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az iquique-i m\u00e9sz\u00e1rl\u00e1s eml\u00e9kezete - 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